You will now receive email updates from the American Lung Association. Select your location to view local American Lung Association events and news near you. Our service is free and we are here to help you. Sulfur Dioxide. Section Menu. What Is Sulfur Dioxide? Sulfur dioxide causes a range of harmful effects on the lungs, as the EPA's most recent review of the science concluded: Wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness and other problems, especially during exercise or physical activity.
Continued exposure at high levels increases respiratory symptoms and reduces the ability of the lungs to function. Short exposures to peak levels of SO 2 in the air can make it difficult for people with asthma to breathe when they are active outdoors.
Rapid breathing during exercise helps SO 2 reach the lower respiratory tract, as does breathing through the mouth. Increased risk of hospital admissions or emergency room visits, especially among children, older adults and people with asthma. Make a Donation Your tax-deductible donation funds lung disease and lung cancer research, new treatments, lung health education, and more.
Sulphur dioxide can form secondary particles sulphates that cause haze and reduce visibility. Sulphur dioxide levels in urban areas have decreased significantly since the s and are generally below the ambient standard and guideline levels. In , the standard was breached at a busy industrial site in Christchurch and the WHO guideline value was exceeded at three industrial sites two in Canterbury, one in Tauranga and one port location Auckland. He mahi ka taea e koe What you can do Show submenu for "What you can do".
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People with impaired heart or lung function and asthmatics are at increased risk. Repeated or prolonged exposure to moderate concentrations may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract, wheezing and lung damage. It has also proved to be harmful to the reproductive systems of experimental animals and caused developmental changes in their newborn. Low levels of oxides of nitrogen can irritate eyes, nose, throat and lungs, possibly leading to coughing, shortness of breath, tiredness and nausea.
Exposure can also result in a build up of fluid in the lungs for days after exposure. Breathing high levels of oxides of nitrogen can cause rapid burning, spasms and swelling of tissues in the throat and upper respiratory tract, reduced oxygenation of tissues, a build up of fluid in the lungs, and maybe even death.
Skin or eye contact with high concentrations of oxides of nitrogen gases or nitrogen dioxide liquid will likely lead to serious burns. Of all the air pollutants produced by coal mining activities, particulate matter is the most significant health threat. Most health and medical research on particulates has focused on fine particles known as PM2. As a major component of outdoor air pollution, particulates can trigger heart attacks and strokes.
Particulate matter has been deemed carcinogenic by the World Health Organisation.
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