Farmers who buy seed protected by some types of patent must sign an agreement not to sell or save seed from these crops — so they are obliged to buy fresh seeds every year.
GM crop research is also funded by national research agencies and by charities, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, where patents are held for the public good. Public, private and charity sectors can work closely together. Patent holders may choose to release their GM varieties without charge for public benefit. Golden rice — the GM rice being developed as a source of vitamin A - will be available free of charge in regions of the developing world where people are suffering from vitamin A deficiency.
Some of the early GM patents have expired or will soon expire. This may mean farmers will be able to save some GM seed for re-planting, or that other companies can make cheaper versions of the crops. The outcome is uncertain because of standard varietal protection on some of the seed and the potential need for new regulatory approvals if a GM trait is used in a conventional breeding programme.
Download all questions and answers PDF. Skip to content You currently have JavaScript disabled in your web browser, please enable JavaScript to view our website as intended. Research professor Jonathan Jones says his verdict on a potato trial in Norfolk will not be influenced by his past commercial ties to Monsanto. ETC's report shows that the same six multinational firms Monsanto, DuPont, Syngenta, Bayer, Dow, and BASF control 75 percent of all private sector plant breeding research, 60 percent of the commercial seed market percent of the transgenic seed market and 76 percent of global agrochemical sales.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD has provisionally approved a 40 million US dollars financial guarantee to cover Monsanto in case farming companies cannot pay for seeds or agrochemical products they committed to buy from the corporation. A summary of data from this report, including market share of the top ten seed companies is on the GM Watch website. Freedom of Information requests by campaign group GM Freeze. Monsanto The US company Monsanto is the world's largest seed company and is the market leader in selling genetically-modified seeds.
Syngenta The Swiss company Syngenta sells agricultural chemicals pesticides and weedkillers and seeds, including GM seeds. Reuters: Monsanto wins lawsuit against Indiana soybean farmer 21st September Financial Times: Crop science: Global food debate presents opportunity to reap a profit 27th June The Observer: Scientist leading GM crop test defends links to US biotech giant Monsanto 18th July Research professor Jonathan Jones says his verdict on a potato trial in Norfolk will not be influenced by his past commercial ties to Monsanto.
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Nature Education 1 1 If you could save lives by producing vaccines in transgenic bananas, would you? In the debate over large-scale commercialization and use of GMOs, where should we draw the line? Aa Aa Aa. Current Use of Genetically Modified Organisms. Figure 1. Potential GMO Applications. Unintended Economic Consequences. References and Recommended Reading. Article History Close. Share Cancel. Revoke Cancel. Keywords Keywords for this Article.
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