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Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Staphylococcal Infections Also called: Staph. On this page Basics Summary Start Here. Learn More Related Issues Specifics. See, Play and Learn Images. Research Clinical Trials Journal Articles. Resources Find an Expert. What are Staphylococcal staph infections? Staph bacteria can cause many different types of infections, including Skin infections , which are the most common types of staph infections Bacteremia, an infection of the bloodstream.
This can lead to sepsis , a very serious immune response to infection. Bone infections Endocarditis , an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves Food poisoning Pneumonia Toxic shock syndrome TSS , a life-threatening condition caused by toxins from certain types of bacteria What causes staph infections?
Who is at risk for staph infections? The symptoms of a staph infection depend on the type of infection: Skin infections can look like pimples or boils.
They may be red, swollen, and painful. Sometimes there is pus or other drainage. Golden staph can be spread by skin-on-skin contact or by touching contaminated surfaces. Poor personal hygiene and not covering open wounds can lead to infection with golden staph.
Thorough hand washing and good housekeeping, such as damp dusting, are important as golden staph is part of our environment. Infections caused by golden staph Common infections caused by golden staph include: boils and abscesses — infections of the skin impetigo school sores — a highly contagious, crusty skin infection that may affect newborn babies and schoolchildren.
More serious infections include: meningitis — infection of the membranes lining the brain osteomyelitis — infection of the bone and bone marrow pneumonia — infection of one or both lungs septic phlebitis — infection of a vein endocarditis — infection of the heart valves. Drug-resistant strains of golden staph A bacterial infection consists of countless individual bacteria. Most infections caused by golden staph are treatable with antibiotics. However, there is a strong possibility that a few bacteria will survive a course of antibiotics, perhaps due to a gene mutation.
The antibiotic-resistant golden staph bacteria that remain then flourish, since they no longer have to compete for resources with the rest of the colony. Resistant strains of golden staph are known as multi-resistant S.
Unnecessary or excessive use of antibiotics encourages drug-resistant strains. The overuse of disinfectants in general can also lead to drug resistance. In most cases, good cleaning or washing with soap and warm water is enough. Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem Before antibiotics, a severe infection was fatal for many people. Penicillin was effective in treating golden staph until the bacterium became resistant. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, new antibiotics such as methicillin and vancomycin were developed, which successfully treated golden staph infections.
If you have an MRSA infection, you can prevent the spread by keeping wounds covered, cleaning your hands regularly, and not sharing personal items such as towels, washcloths, razors, clothing, or uniforms that may have had contact with a contaminated wound or bandage. There have been a few cases of transmission of MRSA between members of sports teams who have shared such items as towels or uniforms. Of those people, most show no signs of infection.
If you are healthy your chances of becoming sick with MRSA are low. You may be at higher risk if you have had long-term, frequent, or intensive use of antibiotics.
You may also be at higher risk if you have had intensive hospital care or surgery, particularly in hospitals where previous cases of MRSA have been reported. Injection drug users and people with long-term illnesses are also at higher risk. Healthy people can carry MRSA in their nose, on their skin, or in wounds that do not heal for weeks or even years. If you carry MRSA in your nose or on your skin and you are healthy, you do not need treatment and you should continue with your normal activities.
Although you do not pose a health risk to your family, co-workers, or to the public, it is important for you to wash your hands regularly using soap and water. Using an alcohol hand rub may prevent the spread of MRSA after touching surfaces with your hands. You do not need to disclose to your workplace, school or daycare setting that you carry MRSA. Mild infections of the skin may only need to be treated with warm compresses or with draining if an abscess develops.
Staph infection Open pop-up dialog box Close. Staph infection MRSA infections start out as small red bumps that can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter.
Show references Jameson JL, et al. Staphylococcal infections. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. The McGraw-Hill Companies; Accessed Jan. Holland TL, et al. Clinical manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infection in adults.
Fowler VG, et al. Clinical approach to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in adults. Merck Manual Professional Version. Staphylococcal staph food poisoning. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Menstrual cycle. Related Staph infection. Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic.
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